Molecular Characterization of the Von Willebrand Factor Type D Domain of Vitellogenin from Takifugu flavidus

The von Willebrand factor type D (VWD) domain in vitellogenin has recently been found to bind tetrodotoxin. The way in which this protein domain associates with tetrodotoxin and participates in transporting tetrodotoxin in vivo remains unclear. A cDNA fragment of the vitellogenin gene containing the VWD domain from pufferfish (Takifugu flavidus) (TfVWD) was cloned. Using in silico structural and docking analyses of the predicted protein, we determined that key amino acids (namely, Val¹¹⁵, ASP¹¹⁶, Val¹¹⁷, and Lys¹²²) in TfVWD mediate its binding to tetrodotoxin, which was supported by in vitro surface plasmon resonance analysis. Moreover, incubating recombinant rTfVWD together with tetrodotoxin attenuated its toxicity in vivo, further supporting protein–toxin binding and indicating associated toxicity-neutralizing effects. Finally, the expression profiling of TfVWD across different tissues and developmental stages indicated that its distribution patterns mirrored those of tetrodotoxin, suggesting that TfVWD may be involved in tetrodotoxin transport in pufferfish. For the first time, this study reveals the amino acids that mediate the binding of TfVWD to tetrodotoxin and provides a basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the enrichment and transfer of tetrodotoxin in pufferfish.     

黄金枸骨叶片复绿期叶绿素代谢的调控特征

为了探究黄金枸骨叶片变色期叶绿素代谢调控特征和叶片复绿期叶绿素合成中间产物的含量及关键酶活性.采用人工遮荫的方法,使黄金枸骨叶色由黄转绿,动态监测叶绿素的质量摩尔浓度、叶绿素合成前体物质的质量摩尔浓度、叶绿素合成酶活性和叶绿素降解酶活性的变化情况,分析叶片变绿过程中叶绿素生物合成代谢途径的特征.结果表明:叶片变色过程中叶绿素的质量摩尔浓度显著上升(P<0.05);δ-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)和胆色素原(PBG)的质量摩尔浓度显著下降(P<0.05),其后合成途径的中间产物尿卟啉原Ⅲ(UrogenⅢ)、粪卟啉原Ⅲ(CoprogenⅢ)、原卟啉IX(ProtoⅨ)、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ(Mg-ProtoⅨ)、原叶绿素酸酯(Pchlide)的质量摩尔浓度显著增加(P<0.05);叶绿素合成相关酶,δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶活性显著下降(P<0.05),尿卟啉原Ⅲ合酶活性显著上升(P<0.05);叶绿素降解酶脱镁鳌合酶和叶绿素酶的活性显著下降(P<0.05).因此,黄金构骨叶色由黄变绿期间,叶绿素合成酶活性升高,叶绿素前体物质的质量摩尔浓度显著增加,叶绿素的积累起始于尿卟啉原Ⅲ的增加,起始时间为遮荫后6～15 d,同时叶绿素降解酶活性下降,促进了叶绿素的积累,叶绿素的质量摩尔浓度升高,叶片由黄转绿.     

两种紫葳科藤本植物扦插育苗技术研究

硬骨凌霄、紫云藤为紫葳科藤本中应用范围广、市场需求量较大的两个品种,为探索它们的扦插育苗技术,采用正交设计的试验方法对两种植物插穗规格、留叶方式、留芽数量的选取进行研究,并对正交试验的结果进行了验证,探讨了不同生根剂处理下两种植物的扦插生根情况.研究结果表明,插穗直径、插穗长度、留叶方式和留芽数量这4个因素对硬骨凌霄和紫云藤的扦插成活率有着极显著的影响.对于硬骨凌霄来说,插穗直径对其扦插成活率的影响最大,留芽数量次之,再次为留叶方式和插穗长度;对紫云藤,留芽方式是影响其扦插成活率的最关键因素,其次是插穗的直径、长度和留叶方式.生根剂的使用可以极显著提高紫葳科藤本植物的扦插成活率,选择直径0.80 cm的硬骨凌霄当年生藤条制成长8 cm、保留2个半片叶和2个芽的穗条,并用浓度为500 mg·L-1的NAA溶液处理2 h后进行扦插,扦插成活率可达83.33％;选择直径1.0 cm的紫云藤当年生藤条制成长10 cm、保留1个半片叶和2个芽的穗条,并用浓度为500 mg·L-1的NAA溶液处理2 h后进行扦插,扦插成活率也可达83.33％.本研究得出的制穗方案和生根剂的选择方案可适用于硬骨凌霄和紫云藤这两种紫葳科藤本的扦插育苗,也可为其它植物扦插育苗提供参考.     

油茶分子育种现状与趋势

作为重要的木本油料树种,培育高产、优质品种一直是油茶育种工作重点.传统育种周期长且存在盲目性等缺点,已无法满足当前油茶育种需求,而分子育种可以快速选择目标性状,加速育种进程,实现精确、高效育种.本文总结了近年来油茶分子标记、多组学研究及重要农艺性状关键基因挖掘等相关研究进展,同时分析了现存问题,并对未来发展方向作出展望,以期为今后油茶分子育种提供技术参考.     

微生物复合酵素在猪场生产中的应用试验

为了探讨丰力旺酵素在猪场生产中的应用实际效果,本试验选40日龄健康仔猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头,试验组饲喂添加0.1%丰力旺酵素的常规饲料,对照组饲喂常规饲料。结果表明,丰力旺酵素可以提高生猪生长性能,减少疾病,降低粪便臭味,有利于提高经济效益。     

浅析省级农业科研院所种子企业的整合

提出省级农科院种子企业整合的发展思路,讨论及整合的必要性和可行性,指出整合包括人力资源、有形资源、品牌和无形资产、企业文化、管理系统和社会关系等内容,并介绍了整合实施过程。     

Characterization,phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of Bipolaris setariae associated with brown stripe disease on sugarcane in Yunnan,China

Brown stripe disease is a severe foliar fungal disease of sugarcane worldwide and is widespread in all sugarcane planting areas in China. Brown stripe is a major disease that seriously affects the output and quality of the sugarcane industry in Yunnan Province, China's second-largest sugar base, while the pathogen of this disease remains not yet fully understood. To address this, we isolated and identified the fungi associated with 68 leaf samples showing typical symptoms of brown stripe from 22 sugarcane varieties in different areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 113 isolates were obtained, which were morphologically similar. Of these, 64 representative isolates were sequenced for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), GAPDH and EF-1α loci. All representative isolates grouped with the type strain of Bipolaris setariae in the phylogenetic trees inferred with individual and concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH and EF1-α. Pathogenicity test results showed that B. setariae strains were able to induce typical symptoms of brown stripe. The results obtained in this study clarify that only B. setariae is associated with sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, China. It is recorded here for the first time as a pathogen causing sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, and it is able to infect many major cultivars and new varieties, posing a new threat to the sugar industry in Yunnan Province. In addition, these results provide the scientific basis for the future breeding of disease-resistant varieties and effective prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.     

猪霍乱沙门氏菌LAMP检测方法的建立与应用

利用猪霍乱沙门氏菌lacZ基因设计特异性引物,通过优化各种反应条件,建立了检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌的环介导等温扩增（LAMP）快速检测方法。此方法特异性好,灵敏度高,将细菌DNA稀释到10-8仍可检出,是PCR方法的1000倍。本研究建立的LAMP方法操作简便、灵敏度高、特异性强,为临床检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌和预防人猪霍乱沙门氏菌病提供了技术保障。     

广东台山2012—2013年鳗鱼药残监测分析

广东台山是我国最大的鳗鱼养殖基地,其鳗鱼产品以出口为主,如活鳗的出口量约占全国活鳗总出口量的80%。药残是影响出口鳗鱼的主要因素,本研究采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS-MS)和气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS),对台山鳗鱼产品可能含有的100种药物残留做了两年的连续跟踪监测,结果表明,台山鳗鱼养殖业发展平稳,具有养殖科学、管理完善、用药合理、监管到位,养殖场用药少,疫病发生率低等特点。